Religiozitate individuală sau efect al școlilor confesionale? Analiza impactului religiozității și al școlilor confesionale asupra rezultatelor elevilor din clasa a 8-a din județul Bihor, România
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Abstract
Research in recent decades examining the correlates of educational outcomes highlights the role of religiosity in students' academic progress and achievements. An increasing number of recent studies in the field of education confirm this hypothesis, the one of the positive influences of religiosity on behavior and attitudes with a positive effect on the achievement of educational goals and academic results. As such, denominational schools are also under the attention of many researchers who observe differences between these religious schools and other, non-religiously affiliated schools. The sociological literature even speaks of a „religious school effect”, inspired by the original idea of the „Catholic school effect”, stressing that beyond the impact of individual religiosity on school outcomes, mediated mainly by attitudinal and psychosociological effects, there are also moderators at the institutional level resulting from the specificity of denominational schools. In the present study we test these two hypotheses simultaneously by modeling the learning averages of a large sample of 8th graders in Bihor County, Romania, using simple linear regression. Our results confirm what we have already found in previous studies, namely that personal religiosity has a positive effect on learning outcomes, while a separate effect at the institutional level cannot be shown.
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How to Cite
Curta, I. V., Cioban-Kudelca, S. L., Lazăr, A., Gyarmati, B.-F., & Hatos, A. (2023). Religiozitate individuală sau efect al școlilor confesionale? Analiza impactului religiozității și al școlilor confesionale asupra rezultatelor elevilor din clasa a 8-a din județul Bihor, România. Sociologie Românească, 21(2), 56-76. https://doi.org/10.33788/sr.21.2.3
References
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Bowie, J. V., Parker, L. J., Beadle-Holder, M., Ezema, A., Bruce, M. A., & Thorpe Jr, R. J. (2017). The influence of religious attendance on smoking among Black men, Substance use & misuse, 52(5), 581-586.
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Buckingham, D. (1999). Superhighway or Road to Nowhere? Children's Relationships with Digital Technology, English in Education, 33, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-8845.1999.tb00158.x.
Carbonaro, W. & Covay, E. (2010). School sector and student achievement in the era of standards based reforms, Sociology of Education, 83(2), 160-182.
Cohen-Zada, D., & Sander, W. (2008). Religion, religiosity and private school choice: Implications for estimating the effectiveness of private schools, Journal of Urban Economics, 64(1), 85-100.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). „Social capital” and schools: One reason for higher private school achievement, Education Digest, 53(8), 6-9.
Coleman, J. S., & Hoffer, T. (1987). Public and private high schools: The impact of communities. New York: Basic Books.
Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., & Kilgore, S. (1982). High school achievement: Public, Catholic, and private schools compared. New York: Basic Books.
Dill, L. J. (2017). „Wearing My Spiritual Jacket”: The Role of Spirituality as a Coping Mechanism Among African American Youth, Health Education & Behavior, 44(5), 696-704. doi:10.1177/1090198117729398.
Dronkers, J. & Robert, P. (2003). The Effectiveness of Public and Private Schools from a Comparative Perspective, European University Institute, 13. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/1360.
Dumangane Jr., C. (2017). The significance of faith for Black men's educational aspirations, British Educational Research Journal, 43(5), 875-903.
Eirich, G.M. (2012). Parental Religiosity and Children's Educational Attainment in the United States, Research in the Sociology of Work, 23, 153-181.
Francis, L. J. (2002). The relationship between Bible reading and attitude toward substance abuse among 13-15 year olds, Religious Education, 97(1), 44-60.
Gerhards, J. (1996). Religion and the spirit of capitalism: A comparison of attitudes to work and the economic order in the USA and Spain, Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 6(4), 541.
Glanville, J. L., Sikkink, D., & Hernández, E. I. (2008). Religious involvement and educational outcomes: The role of social capital and extracurricular participation, The Sociological Quarterly, 49(1), 105-137.
Graetz, B. (1995). Socio-economic status in education research and policyí, in Ainley John et al., Socio-economic Status and School Education DEET/ACER Canberra.
Greeley, A. (1982). Catholic High Schools and Minority Students. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
Hardy, S. A., Nelson, J. M., Moore, J. P., & King, P. E. (2019). Processes of religious and spiritual influence in adolescence: A systematic review of 30 years of research, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 254-275.
Hatos, A. (2008). Impactul segregării şi diferenţierii asupra performanţelor şcolare ale elevilor din clasele 10-12. O analiză multinivel, Calitatea vieții, 19(1-2), 141-158.
Hatos, A. (2014). Serving the New Class: The Dynamics of Educational Transitions for Romanian Adults Born Before 1985 During Communism and Afterwards, Social indicators research, 119(3), 1699-1729.
Hatos, A., & Curta, I. (2020). A Test of the Effect of Denominational Schools in Romania, Central European Journal of Educational Research, 2(2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.37441/CEJER/2020/2/2/7912.
Hatos, A., & Ștefănescu, F. (2019). Religiosity and career options of youth from the Romanian-Hungarian cross-border region, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 18(53), 75-91.
Hirschle, J. (2013). „Secularization of Consciousness” or Alternative Opportunities? The Impact of Economic Growth on Religious Belief and Practice in 13 European Countries, Journal for the scientific study of religion, 52, 410-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12030.
Hodge, D. R., Cardenas, P., & Montoya, H. (2001). Substance use: Spirituality and religious participation as protective factors among rural youths, Social Work Research, 25(3), 153-161.
Hoge, R., & Petrillo, G. H. (1978). Determinants of church participation and attitudes among high school youth, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 359-379.
Horne, W. R. (2000). How students spend their time. The Learning Assistance Review, 5(2), 22-34.
Horwitz, I. M., Domingue, B. W., & Harris, K. M. (2020). Not a family matter: The effects of religiosity on academic outcomes based on evidence from siblings. Social Science Research, 88, 102426.
Jackson, L. E., & Coursey, R. D. (1988). The relationship between God control and internal locus of control to intrinsic religous motivation, coping and purpose in life*. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 496-511.
Jeynes, W. (1999). The effects of religious commitment on the academic achievement of Black and Hispanic children, Urban Education, 34(4), 458-479.
Jeynes, W. (2003a). The effects of Black and Hispanic twelfth graders living in intact families and being religious on their academic achievement, Urban Education, 38(1), 35-57.
Jeynes, W. (2003b). Religion, education, and academic success. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
Jeynes, W. (2005). The impact of religious schools on the academic achievement of low-SES students, Journal of Empirical Theology, 18(1), 22-40.
Jeynes, W. H. (2010). Religiosity, religious schools, and their relationship with the achievement gap: A research synthesis and meta-analysis, The Journal of Negro Education, 263-279.
Kim, J. (2018). The Role of Violent and Nonviolent Delinquent Behavior in Educational Attainment. Youth Soc. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X18781641.
Kuncel, N. R., Credé, M., & Thomas, L. L. (2005). The validity of self-reported grade point averages, class ranks, and test scores: A meta-analysis and review of the literature, Review of educational research, 75(1), 63-82.
Lee, B. H. J., & Pearce, L. D. (2019). Understanding why religious involvement's relationship with education varies by social class, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 369-389.
Loury, L. D. (2004). Does church attendance really increase schooling? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43(1), 119-127.
McKune, B., & Hoffmann, J. P. (2009). Religion and academic achievement among adolescents, Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 5. https://am.e-nformation.ro/scholarly-journals/religion-academic-achievement-among-adolescents/docview/1346928413/se-2.
Mentzer, M. S. (1988). Religion and achievement motivation in the United States: A structural analysis, Sociological Focus, 21(4), 307-316.
Moffat, J., & Yoo, H. I. (2020). Religion, religiosity and educational attainment: evidence from the compulsory education system in England, Applied Economics, 52(4), 430-442.
Morgan, P. L., Farkas, G., Hillemeier, M. M., & Maczuga, S. (2009). Risk factors for learning-related behavior problems at 24 months of age: Population-based estimates, Journal of abnormal child psychology, 37(3), 401-413.
Muller, C., & Ellison, C. G. (2001). Religious involvement, social capital, and adolescents' academic progress: Evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, Sociological Focus, 34(2), 155-183.
Nonnemaker, J. M., McNeely, C. A., & Blum, R. W. (2003). Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent health risk behaviors: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Social science & medicine, 57(11), 2049-2054.
Olson, M. M., Trevino, D. B., Geske, J. A., & Vanderpool, H. (2012). Religious coping and mental health outcomes: An exploratory study of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, Explore, 8(3), 172-176.
Ozorak, E. W. (1989). Social and cognitive influences on the development of religious beliefs and commitment in adolescence, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28(4), 448-463. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386576
Pearce, L. D., Uecker, J. E., & Denton, M. L. (2019). Religion and adolescent outcomes: How and under what conditions religion matters, Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 201-222.
Pusztai, G. (2006). Community and Social Capital in Hungarian Denominational Schools Today, Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe, 1(2).
Pusztai, G. (2007). The Fingerprint of Denominational Secondary Schools-Sector Specific Features among Graduating Students in Universities and Colleges, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, 27(3).
Regnerus, M. D. (2003). Linked Lives, Faith, and Behavior: Intergenerational Religious Influence on Adolescent Delinquency, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(2), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00172.
Regnerus, M. D., & Elder, G. H. (2003). Staying on track in school: Religious influences in high‐and low‐risk settings, Journal for the scientific study of religion, 42(4), 633-649.
Regnerus, M. D., & Smith, C. (2005). Selection effects in studies of religious influence, Review of Religious Research, 23-50.
Sherkat, D. E., & Darnell, A. (1999). The effect of parents' fundamentalism on children's educational attainment: Examining differences by gender and children's fundamentalism, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 23-35.
Shoknaii, N. H., Olson, C. L., & Youssef, S. (1997). A comparison of public and private education in the District of Columbia. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation.
Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing Religious Effects Among American Adolescents, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42, 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.t01-1-00158.
Stoet, G., & Geary, D. C. (2017). Students in countries with higher levels of religiosity perform lower in science and mathematics, Intelligence, 62, 71-78.
Stokes, C. E., & Regnerus, M. D. (2009). When faith divides family: Religious discord and adolescent reports of parent-child relations, Social Science Research, 38(1), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.05.002.
Uecker, J. E., & Pearce, L. D. (2017). Conservative Protestantism and horizontal stratification in education: The case of college selectivity, Social Forces, 96(2), 661-690.
Waite, L. J., & Lehrer, E. L. (2003). The benefits from marriage and religion in the United States: A comparative analysis, Population and development review, 29(2), 255-275.
Barrett, J. L. (2007). Cognitive science of religion: What is it and why is it, Religion Compass, 1(6), 768-786.
Barrett, J.L. (2011). Cognitive Science of Religion: Looking Back, Looking Forward, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50, 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01564.
Bowie, J. V., Parker, L. J., Beadle-Holder, M., Ezema, A., Bruce, M. A., & Thorpe Jr, R. J. (2017). The influence of religious attendance on smoking among Black men, Substance use & misuse, 52(5), 581-586.
Brown, D. R., & Gary, L. E. (1991). Religious socialization and educational attainment among African Americans: An empirical assessment, The Journal of Negro Education, 60(3), 411-426.
Buckingham, D. (1999). Superhighway or Road to Nowhere? Children's Relationships with Digital Technology, English in Education, 33, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-8845.1999.tb00158.x.
Carbonaro, W. & Covay, E. (2010). School sector and student achievement in the era of standards based reforms, Sociology of Education, 83(2), 160-182.
Cohen-Zada, D., & Sander, W. (2008). Religion, religiosity and private school choice: Implications for estimating the effectiveness of private schools, Journal of Urban Economics, 64(1), 85-100.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). „Social capital” and schools: One reason for higher private school achievement, Education Digest, 53(8), 6-9.
Coleman, J. S., & Hoffer, T. (1987). Public and private high schools: The impact of communities. New York: Basic Books.
Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., & Kilgore, S. (1982). High school achievement: Public, Catholic, and private schools compared. New York: Basic Books.
Dill, L. J. (2017). „Wearing My Spiritual Jacket”: The Role of Spirituality as a Coping Mechanism Among African American Youth, Health Education & Behavior, 44(5), 696-704. doi:10.1177/1090198117729398.
Dronkers, J. & Robert, P. (2003). The Effectiveness of Public and Private Schools from a Comparative Perspective, European University Institute, 13. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/1360.
Dumangane Jr., C. (2017). The significance of faith for Black men's educational aspirations, British Educational Research Journal, 43(5), 875-903.
Eirich, G.M. (2012). Parental Religiosity and Children's Educational Attainment in the United States, Research in the Sociology of Work, 23, 153-181.
Francis, L. J. (2002). The relationship between Bible reading and attitude toward substance abuse among 13-15 year olds, Religious Education, 97(1), 44-60.
Gerhards, J. (1996). Religion and the spirit of capitalism: A comparison of attitudes to work and the economic order in the USA and Spain, Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 6(4), 541.
Glanville, J. L., Sikkink, D., & Hernández, E. I. (2008). Religious involvement and educational outcomes: The role of social capital and extracurricular participation, The Sociological Quarterly, 49(1), 105-137.
Graetz, B. (1995). Socio-economic status in education research and policyí, in Ainley John et al., Socio-economic Status and School Education DEET/ACER Canberra.
Greeley, A. (1982). Catholic High Schools and Minority Students. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
Hardy, S. A., Nelson, J. M., Moore, J. P., & King, P. E. (2019). Processes of religious and spiritual influence in adolescence: A systematic review of 30 years of research, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 254-275.
Hatos, A. (2008). Impactul segregării şi diferenţierii asupra performanţelor şcolare ale elevilor din clasele 10-12. O analiză multinivel, Calitatea vieții, 19(1-2), 141-158.
Hatos, A. (2014). Serving the New Class: The Dynamics of Educational Transitions for Romanian Adults Born Before 1985 During Communism and Afterwards, Social indicators research, 119(3), 1699-1729.
Hatos, A., & Curta, I. (2020). A Test of the Effect of Denominational Schools in Romania, Central European Journal of Educational Research, 2(2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.37441/CEJER/2020/2/2/7912.
Hatos, A., & Ștefănescu, F. (2019). Religiosity and career options of youth from the Romanian-Hungarian cross-border region, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 18(53), 75-91.
Hirschle, J. (2013). „Secularization of Consciousness” or Alternative Opportunities? The Impact of Economic Growth on Religious Belief and Practice in 13 European Countries, Journal for the scientific study of religion, 52, 410-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12030.
Hodge, D. R., Cardenas, P., & Montoya, H. (2001). Substance use: Spirituality and religious participation as protective factors among rural youths, Social Work Research, 25(3), 153-161.
Hoge, R., & Petrillo, G. H. (1978). Determinants of church participation and attitudes among high school youth, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 359-379.
Horne, W. R. (2000). How students spend their time. The Learning Assistance Review, 5(2), 22-34.
Horwitz, I. M., Domingue, B. W., & Harris, K. M. (2020). Not a family matter: The effects of religiosity on academic outcomes based on evidence from siblings. Social Science Research, 88, 102426.
Jackson, L. E., & Coursey, R. D. (1988). The relationship between God control and internal locus of control to intrinsic religous motivation, coping and purpose in life*. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 496-511.
Jeynes, W. (1999). The effects of religious commitment on the academic achievement of Black and Hispanic children, Urban Education, 34(4), 458-479.
Jeynes, W. (2003a). The effects of Black and Hispanic twelfth graders living in intact families and being religious on their academic achievement, Urban Education, 38(1), 35-57.
Jeynes, W. (2003b). Religion, education, and academic success. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
Jeynes, W. (2005). The impact of religious schools on the academic achievement of low-SES students, Journal of Empirical Theology, 18(1), 22-40.
Jeynes, W. H. (2010). Religiosity, religious schools, and their relationship with the achievement gap: A research synthesis and meta-analysis, The Journal of Negro Education, 263-279.
Kim, J. (2018). The Role of Violent and Nonviolent Delinquent Behavior in Educational Attainment. Youth Soc. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X18781641.
Kuncel, N. R., Credé, M., & Thomas, L. L. (2005). The validity of self-reported grade point averages, class ranks, and test scores: A meta-analysis and review of the literature, Review of educational research, 75(1), 63-82.
Lee, B. H. J., & Pearce, L. D. (2019). Understanding why religious involvement's relationship with education varies by social class, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 369-389.
Loury, L. D. (2004). Does church attendance really increase schooling? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43(1), 119-127.
McKune, B., & Hoffmann, J. P. (2009). Religion and academic achievement among adolescents, Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 5. https://am.e-nformation.ro/scholarly-journals/religion-academic-achievement-among-adolescents/docview/1346928413/se-2.
Mentzer, M. S. (1988). Religion and achievement motivation in the United States: A structural analysis, Sociological Focus, 21(4), 307-316.
Moffat, J., & Yoo, H. I. (2020). Religion, religiosity and educational attainment: evidence from the compulsory education system in England, Applied Economics, 52(4), 430-442.
Morgan, P. L., Farkas, G., Hillemeier, M. M., & Maczuga, S. (2009). Risk factors for learning-related behavior problems at 24 months of age: Population-based estimates, Journal of abnormal child psychology, 37(3), 401-413.
Muller, C., & Ellison, C. G. (2001). Religious involvement, social capital, and adolescents' academic progress: Evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, Sociological Focus, 34(2), 155-183.
Nonnemaker, J. M., McNeely, C. A., & Blum, R. W. (2003). Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent health risk behaviors: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Social science & medicine, 57(11), 2049-2054.
Olson, M. M., Trevino, D. B., Geske, J. A., & Vanderpool, H. (2012). Religious coping and mental health outcomes: An exploratory study of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, Explore, 8(3), 172-176.
Ozorak, E. W. (1989). Social and cognitive influences on the development of religious beliefs and commitment in adolescence, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28(4), 448-463. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386576
Pearce, L. D., Uecker, J. E., & Denton, M. L. (2019). Religion and adolescent outcomes: How and under what conditions religion matters, Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 201-222.
Pusztai, G. (2006). Community and Social Capital in Hungarian Denominational Schools Today, Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe, 1(2).
Pusztai, G. (2007). The Fingerprint of Denominational Secondary Schools-Sector Specific Features among Graduating Students in Universities and Colleges, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, 27(3).
Regnerus, M. D. (2003). Linked Lives, Faith, and Behavior: Intergenerational Religious Influence on Adolescent Delinquency, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(2), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00172.
Regnerus, M. D., & Elder, G. H. (2003). Staying on track in school: Religious influences in high‐and low‐risk settings, Journal for the scientific study of religion, 42(4), 633-649.
Regnerus, M. D., & Smith, C. (2005). Selection effects in studies of religious influence, Review of Religious Research, 23-50.
Sherkat, D. E., & Darnell, A. (1999). The effect of parents' fundamentalism on children's educational attainment: Examining differences by gender and children's fundamentalism, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 23-35.
Shoknaii, N. H., Olson, C. L., & Youssef, S. (1997). A comparison of public and private education in the District of Columbia. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation.
Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing Religious Effects Among American Adolescents, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42, 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.t01-1-00158.
Stoet, G., & Geary, D. C. (2017). Students in countries with higher levels of religiosity perform lower in science and mathematics, Intelligence, 62, 71-78.
Stokes, C. E., & Regnerus, M. D. (2009). When faith divides family: Religious discord and adolescent reports of parent-child relations, Social Science Research, 38(1), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.05.002.
Uecker, J. E., & Pearce, L. D. (2017). Conservative Protestantism and horizontal stratification in education: The case of college selectivity, Social Forces, 96(2), 661-690.
Waite, L. J., & Lehrer, E. L. (2003). The benefits from marriage and religion in the United States: A comparative analysis, Population and development review, 29(2), 255-275.