Reforma funciară în perioada postcomunistă Land Reform in the Post Communist Period Section The Social Context of Romania: 1945-2018
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##
Downloads
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
After 1991, as many of the former communist countries, Romanian made efforts to re-establish a legal framework for private land ownership. The restitution of land properties has been a long and difficult process, with profound social and economic implications. The process has begun with the adoption of the Law 18/1991. The law attempted to recreate property rights that existed prior the collectivization, not simply to distribute land to the villages. Law 18/1991 was modified several times in the transition period (1997, 2000 and 2005). The main objective of these new laws was to increase the maximum land area that could be restituted to the former owners. The land privatization process created a new reality for the rural areas. Land fragmentation and subsistence farming become main problems in rural Romania as a consequence of key decisions that were taken during the transition period. Other former communist countries from the Central and Eastern Europe have chosen different strategies for achieving agrarian reform. Nowadays there are major differences between rural Romania and Czech Republic, Hungary or Poland. Starting from this general description, the main aims of this study is to discuss on land reform implications in Romania and to highlight the differences between the different land reform strategies which have been implemented in Central and Eastern Europe.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Bicik, I. și Jelecek, L. (2009) Land use and landscape changes in Czechia during the period of transition 1990–2007. Geografie, 114, 4, 263–281.
Ciutacu, C., Chivu, L. și Andrei, J. V. (2017) Land grabbing: A review of extent and possible consequences in Romania. Land Use Policy, 62, 143–150.
Croitoru, A. (2015) Antreprenoriatul în migrația românească. Sibiu: Universității din Sibiu.
Davidova, S., Fredriksson, L. și Bailey, A. (2009) Subsistance and semi-subsistance farming in selected EU new member states. Agricultural Economics, 40, Supplement, 733–744.
Feher, A., Goșa, V., Raicov, M., Haraguș, D. și Condea, B. V. (2017) Convergence of Romanian and European Union agriculture – evolution and prospective assessment. Land Use Policy, 67, 670–678.
Fredriksson, L., Bailey, A., Davidova, S. și Gorton, M. (2017) The commercialisation of subsistence farms: Evidence from the new member states of the EU. Land Use Policy, 60, 37–47.
Hartvigsen, M. (2014) Land reform and land fragmentation in Central and Eastern Europe. Land Use Policy, 36, 330–341.
Hatos, A. (2006) Colectivism după colectivism? Forme asociative de organizare în agricultura românească de tranziție. Iași: Lumen.
INS (2017) Ancheta structurală în agricultură. Date generale la nivel național, Volumul 1. București: Institutul Național de Statistică.
Kovacs, T. (2005) Restructuring Agriculture, în G. Barta, E. Fekete, I. Szorenyine și J. Timar (Eds.), Hungarian space and places: patterns of transition, Pecs: Centre for Regional Studies, 259–271.
Olah, S. și Flora, G. (2015) Rural youth, agriculture and entrepreneurship: A case study of Hungarian and Romanian Young Villages. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business, 3, 1, 41–66.
Otiman, P. I. (2012) Romania’s present agrarian structure a great (and unsolved) social and economic problem of our country. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, New Series, IX, 1, 3–24.
Petrescu-Mag, R. M., Petrescu, D. C. și Petrescu-Mag, I. V. (2017) Whereto land fragmentation – land grabbing in Romania? The place of negociation in reaching win – win community – based solutions. Land Use Policy, 64, 174–185.
Rusu, M., Florian, V., Tudor, M., Chițea, M., Chițea, L. și Roșu, E. (2011) Land related disputes and conflicts in Romania. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, New Series, VIII, 1, 127–145.
Sabates-Wheeler, R. (2001) Land reform and farm choice in Romania. Problemes of Post-Communism, 48, 4, 27–37.
Șandru, D. (2005) Colectivizarea agriculturii și problema agrară: repere social-politice, în D. Dobrincu și C. Iordachi (ed.), Țărănimea și puterea. Procesul de colectivizare a agriculturii în România (1949–1962), Iași: Polirom, 45–66.
Vidican, G. (2009) Assessing land reallocation decisions during transition in Romania. Land Use Policy, 26, 1080–1089.
*** Eurostat https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
*** Legea nr.18 din 19 februarie 1991 – Legea fondului funciar. Disponibil la http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=1622
*** Legea nr. 36/1991 privind societățile agricole și alte forme de asociere în agricultură. Disponibil la https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gy3denjt/legea-nr-36–1991-privind-societatile-agricole și alte-forme-de asociere-in-agricultura
*** Legea nr.169 din 27 octombrie 1997 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii fondului funciar nr.18/1991. Disponibil la http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=2050
*** Legea nr.1 din 11 ianuarie 2000 pentru reconstituirea dreptului de proprietate asupra terenurilor agricole și celor forestiere, solicitate potrivit prevederilor Legii fondului funciar nr.18/1991 și ale Legii nr.169/1997. Disponibil la http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=21873