The border is not the territory: the securitarian-humanitarian dialectic and the outsourcing of European borders
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Nov 10, 2020
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Abstract
At the core of the European projects there is a fundamental tension between the securitarian and the humanitarian aspects of border and foreign policy, especially in its response to the Mediterranean Migration Crisis. This tension has far reaching consequences, from the outsourcing of border controls to third party states to fundamental changes in the makeup of the European Project. Starting from Etienne Balibar’s seminal question “what makes a border” I explore several facets of European border enforcement and the impact it is having on the European project.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Costache, D. (2020). The border is not the territory: the securitarian-humanitarian dialectic and the outsourcing of European borders. Sociologie Românească, 18(2), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.8
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Gesetz zur bunderung asylverfahrensrechtlicher, arbeitserlaubnisrechtlicher und ausländerrechtlicher Vorschriften (buslandergesetz), v. 6.1.1987 (BGB1. I S.92) [Amendment of January 6, 1987 to Laws of Asylum, Work Permits, and Aliens].
Grande, E. (1996). The state and interest groups in a framework of multi-level decision-making: The case of the European Union. Journal of European public policy, 3(3), 318-338.
Holmes, S. (2013). Fresh fruit, broken bodies: Migrant farmworkers in the United States. Vol. 27. Univ of California Press.
McLaughlin, J. & Hennebry, J. (2013). Pathways to precarity: structural vulnerabilities and lived consequences for migrant farmworkers in Canada. Producing and negotiating non-citizenship: precarious legal status in Canada, 175-195.
Menz, G. & Caviedes, A. (2010). Labour migration in Europe.
Pastore, F., Monzini, P. & Sciortino, G. (2006). Schengen’s soft underbelly? Irregular migration and human smuggling across land and sea borders to Italy. International Migration, 44(4), 95-119.
Pop, V. (2011).“Bulgaria and Romania’s Schengen bid Vetoed” on EU Observer Website. Available at https://euobserver.com/justice/113707.
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Surtees, R. (2008). Traffickers and Trafficking in Southern and Eastern Europe Considering the Other Side of Human Trafficking. European Journal of Criminology, 5(1), 39-68.
Walters, W. (2011). Foucault and frontiers: notes on the birth of the humanitarian border. Governmentality: Current issues and future challenges, 138-164.
Walters, W. (2002). Deportation, expulsion, and the international police of aliens. Citizenship studies, 6(3), 265-292.
Williams, J. M. (2014). The safety/security nexus and the humanitarianisation of border enforcement. The Geographical Journal.
Agamben, G. (2020b). L’invenzione di un’epidemia. Quodlibet. Available at https://www.quodlibet.it/giorgio-agamben-l-invenzione-di-un-epidemia. Accessed on February 26, 2020.
Andersson, R. (2014). Illegality, Inc.: clandestine migration and the business of bordering Europe, Vol. 28. Univ of California Press.
Anderson, B. (2010). Migration, immigration controls and the fashioning of precarious workers. Work, employment & society, 24(2), 300-317.
Balibar, E. (2002). What is a Border? Politics and the other scene, 75-86.
Başaran, E. (2009). Evaluation of the “Carriers’ Liability” Regime as A Part of the EU Asylum Policy under Public International Law. USAK Yearbook of International Politics and Law, 2, 101-115.
Bumstead, K. (2015). The horizon is far away 25 mins. Available at https://vimeo.com/121456138.
Castles, S., Miller, M. J. & Ammendola, G. (2013). [1993]. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. New York: The Guilford Press.
Cuttitta, P. (2014). Borderizing’the Island Setting and Narratives of the Lampedusa ‘Border Play. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 13(2), 196-219.
De Genova, N. (2012). Border, Scene and Obscene. Companion to Border Studies, A, 492-504.
De Haas, H. (2007). Turning the tide? Why development will not stop migration. Development and Change, 38(5), 819-841.
Delgado-Wise, R. & Covarrubias, H. M. (2007). The reshaping of Mexican labor exports under NAFTA: Paradoxes and challenges. International Migration Review, 41(3), 656-679.
Fassin, D. (2007). Humanitarianism: a nongovernmental government. Nongovernmental Politics, 149-160.
Fassin, D. (2012). Humanitarian reason: a moral history of the present. Univ of California Press.
Fassin, D. & Pandolfi, M. (eds.) (2010). Contemporary states of emergency: the politics of military and humanitarian interventions. New York: Zone Books.
Florea, A., Radu, C. & Luțac, R. (2020). Saga umilinței. 36 de muncitori srilankezi, concediați de la o fabrică din Botoșani, au fost abandonați pe Otopeni, după ce au fost plimbați opt ore cu autocarul. „Nu-i treaba noastră că s-a închis aeroportul din Sri Lanka”. Libertatea. Available at https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/muncitori-sri-lanka-aeroport-otopeni-3011407. Accessed on May 24, 2020.
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Vintage.
Garelli, G. & Tazzioli, M. (2017). Tunisia as a Revolutionized Migration Space. Palgrave Macmillan.
Georgescu, V. D. (2014). EADS Germany Slides into Massive Corruption Scandal, translated from Adevarul Online. Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140716140932-52114109-eads-germany-slides-into-massive-corruption-scandal.
Gesetz zur bunderung asylverfahrensrechtlicher, arbeitserlaubnisrechtlicher und ausländerrechtlicher Vorschriften (buslandergesetz), v. 6.1.1987 (BGB1. I S.92) [Amendment of January 6, 1987 to Laws of Asylum, Work Permits, and Aliens].
Grande, E. (1996). The state and interest groups in a framework of multi-level decision-making: The case of the European Union. Journal of European public policy, 3(3), 318-338.
Holmes, S. (2013). Fresh fruit, broken bodies: Migrant farmworkers in the United States. Vol. 27. Univ of California Press.
McLaughlin, J. & Hennebry, J. (2013). Pathways to precarity: structural vulnerabilities and lived consequences for migrant farmworkers in Canada. Producing and negotiating non-citizenship: precarious legal status in Canada, 175-195.
Menz, G. & Caviedes, A. (2010). Labour migration in Europe.
Pastore, F., Monzini, P. & Sciortino, G. (2006). Schengen’s soft underbelly? Irregular migration and human smuggling across land and sea borders to Italy. International Migration, 44(4), 95-119.
Pop, V. (2011).“Bulgaria and Romania’s Schengen bid Vetoed” on EU Observer Website. Available at https://euobserver.com/justice/113707.
Rothuizen, J. The Soft Atlas – Detention Centre. Available at http://janrothuizen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Drawings-DZAVA-NL-DetentionCentre-.jpg.
Spiegel (2012). Corruption Scandal: Investigation into Dubious EADS Austria Deal Intensifies. Available at http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/investigation-into-dubious-eads-austria-deal-intensifies-a-866646.html.
Surtees, R. (2008). Traffickers and Trafficking in Southern and Eastern Europe Considering the Other Side of Human Trafficking. European Journal of Criminology, 5(1), 39-68.
Walters, W. (2011). Foucault and frontiers: notes on the birth of the humanitarian border. Governmentality: Current issues and future challenges, 138-164.
Walters, W. (2002). Deportation, expulsion, and the international police of aliens. Citizenship studies, 6(3), 265-292.
Williams, J. M. (2014). The safety/security nexus and the humanitarianisation of border enforcement. The Geographical Journal.